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Jurisdiction – It is the authority of a court to hear and adjudicate on a particular matter.

The Basic Types of Jurisdiction are as follows (The List is not all encompassing): 

                

Subject Matter Jurisdiction:

It means that a specific subject on which a court has powers to adjudicate.

For Example: Civil, Criminal, Admiralty, Military, Revenue etc., Simply put a Military court exercises exclusive power over military subject matters and no other court can interfere in it. 

 

Territorial Jurisdiction:

It is the geographical area over which a court exercises its power to adjudicate.

For Example: The District and Sessions Court at Lucknow exercises Jurisdiction in all of Lucknow and not beyond the limits of Lucknow.

 

Pecuniary Jurisdiction:

It is the power of the Court relating to the monetary amount on which it can adjudicate.

For Example: Suits over Rs. 10 lakhs can be filed only in District Courts.

 

Original and Appellate Jurisdiction:

Original Jurisdiction means the court can take up the matter at first instance.

For Example:

If Fundamental Rights are violated, a person can file a Writ Petition {to know more about Writ Petition-click here} either before the Supreme Court or the High Court invoking its Original Jurisdiction.

Appellate Jurisdiction means the court can take up the matter after it gets adjudicated at a lower court and an aggrieved party approaches the Appellate Court with an Appeal.

For Example: If a person is convicted for the offense of committing murder by the Sessions Court, he can prefer an Appeal before the High Court.

 

Concurrent Jurisdiction:

It is the power of the two or more courts to adjudicate on the same issue.

For Example: Anticipatory Bail can be filed either before the Sessions Court or before the High Court.

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